Scuba Gadgets Review Central

The sole purpose of this Blog is to give you, my reader a unbiased and evenhanded review of the latest and greatest Scuba and watersports equipment that I can get my hands on. . . you can bet on it!

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Tuesday, December 30, 2008

10 Things Millionaires Won?t Tell You











SmartMoney.com






10 Things Millionaires Won't Tell You
By
Daren FondaAugust 19, 2008

1. "You may think I'm rich, but I don't."


A million dollars may sound like a fortune to most people, and folks with that much cash can't complain — they're richer than 90 percent of U.S. households and earn $366,000 a year, on average, putting them in the top 1 percent of taxpayers. But the club isn't so exclusive anymore. Some 10 million households have a net worth above $1 million, excluding home equity, almost double the number in 2002. Moreover, a recent survey by Fidelity found just 8 percent of millionaires think they're "very" or "extremely" wealthy, while 19 percent don't feel rich at all. "They're worried about health care, retirement and how they'll sustain their lifestyle," says Gail Graham, a wealth-management executive at Fidelity.

Indeed, many millionaires still don't have enough for exclusive luxuries, like membership at an elite golf club, which can top $300,000 a year. While $1 million was a tidy sum three decades ago, you'd need $3.6 million for the same purchasing power today. And half of all millionaires have a net worth of $2.5 million or less, according to research firm TNS. So what does it take to feel truly rich? The magic number is $23 million, according to Fidelity.

2. "I shop at Wal-Mart..."


They may not buy the 99-cent paper towels, but millionaires know what it is to be frugal. About 80 percent say they spend with a middle-class mind-set, according to a 2007 survey of high-net-worth individuals, published by American Express and the Harrison Group. That means buying luxury items on sale, hunting for bargains — even clipping coupons.

Don Crane, a small-business owner in Santa Rosa, Calif., certainly sees the value of everyday saving. "We can afford just about anything," he says, adding that his net worth is over $1 million. But he and his wife both grew up on farms in the Midwest — where nothing was wasted — and his wife clips coupons to this day. In fact, most millionaires come from middle-class households, and roughly 70 percent have been wealthy for less than 15 years, according to the AmEx/Harrison survey. That said, there are plenty of millionaires who never check a price tag. "I've always wanted to live above my means because it inspired me to work harder," says Robert Kiyosaki, author of the 1997 best seller Rich Dad, Poor Dad. An entrepreneur worth millions, Kiyosaki says he doesn't even know what his house would go for today.

3. "...but I didn't get rich by skimping on lattes."


So how do you join the millionaires' club? You could buy stocks or real estate, play the slots in Vegas — or take the most common path: running your own business. That's how half of all millionaires made their money, according to the AmEx/Harrison survey. About a third had a professional practice or worked in the corporate world; only 3 percent inherited their wealth.

Regardless of how they built their nest egg, virtually all millionaires "make judicious use of debt," says Russ Alan Prince, coauthor of "The Middle-Class Millionaire." They'll take out loans to build their business, avoid high-interest credit card debt and leverage their home equity to finance purchases if their cash flow doesn't cut it. Nor is their wealth tied up in their homes. Home equity represents just 11 percent of millionaires' total assets, according to TNS. "People who are serious about building wealth always want to have a mortgage," says Jim Bell, president of Bell Investment Advisors. His home is probably worth $1.5 million, he adds, but he owes $900,000 on it. "I'm in no hurry to pay it off," he says. "It's one of the few tax deductions I get."

4. "I have a concierge for everything."


That hot restaurant may be booked for months — at least when Joe Nobody calls to make reservations. But many top eateries set aside tables for celebrities and A-list clientele, and that's where the personal concierge comes in. Working for retainers that range anywhere from $25 an hour to six figures a year, these modern-day butlers have the inside track on chic restaurants, spa reservations, even an early tee time at the golf club. And good concierges will scour the planet for whatever their clients want — whether it's holy water blessed personally by the Pope, rare Mexican tequila or artisanal sausages found only in northern Spain. "For some people, the cost doesn't matter," says Yamileth Delgado, who runs Marquise Concierge and who once found those sausages for a client — 40 pounds of chorizo that went for $1,000.

Concierge services now extend to medical attention as well. At the high end: For roughly $2,000 to $4,000 a month, clients can get 24-hour access to a primary-care physician who makes house calls and can facilitate admission to a hospital "without long waits in the emergency room," as one New York City service puts it.

5. "You don't get rich by being nice."


John D. Rockefeller threatened rivals with bankruptcy if they didn't sell out to his company, Standard Oil. Bill Gates was ruthless in building Microsoft into the world's largest software firm (remember Netscape?). Indeed, many millionaires privately admit they're "bastards in business," says Prince. "They aren't nice guys." Of course, the wealthy don't exactly look in the mirror and see Gordon Gekko either. Most millionaires share the values of their moderate-income parents, says Lewis Schiff, a private wealth consultant and Prince's coauthor: "Spending time with family really matters to them." Just 12 percent say that what they want most to be remembered for is their legacy in business, according to the AmEx/Harrison study.

Millionaires are also seemingly undaunted by failure. Crane, for example, now runs a successful company that screens tenants for landlords. But his first business venture, a real estate partnership, went bankrupt, costing him $20,000 — more than his house was worth at the time. "It was the most depressing time in my life, but it was the best lesson I ever learned," he says.

6. "Taxes are for little people."


Most millionaires do pay taxes. In fact, the top 1 percent of earners paid nearly 40 percent of federal income taxes in 2005 — a whopping $368 billion — according to the Internal Revenue Service. That said, the wealthy tend to derive a higher portion of their income from dividends and capital gains, which are taxed at lower rates than wages (15 percent for long-term capital gains versus 25 percent for middle-class wages). Also, high-income earners pay Social Security tax only on their first $97,500 of income.

But the big savings come from owning a business and deducting everything related to it. Landlords can also depreciate their commercial properties and expenses like mortgage interest. And that's without doing any creative accounting. Then there are the tax shelters, trusts and other mechanisms the superrich use to shield their wealth. An estimated 2 million Americans have unreported accounts offshore, and income from foreign tax shelters costs the U.S. $20 billion to$40 billion a year, according to the IRS. Indeed, "an increasing number of people want to establish an offshore fund," says Vernon Jacobs, a certified public accountant in Kansas who specializes in legal foreign accounts.

7. "I was a B student."


Mom was right when she said good grades were the key to success — just not necessarily a big bank account. According to the book "The Millionaire Mind," the median college grade point average for millionaires is 2.9, and the average SAT score is 1190 — hardly Harvard material. In fact, 59 percent of millionaires attended a state college or university, according to AmEx/Harrison.

When asked to list the keys to their success, millionaires rank hard work first, followed by education, determination and "treating others with respect." They also say that what they absorbed in class was less important than learning how to study and stay disciplined, says Jim Taylor, vice chairman of the Harrison Group. Granted, 48 percent of millionaires hold an advanced degree, and elite colleges do open doors to careers on Wall Street and in Silicon Valley (not to mention social connections that grease the wheels). But for every Ph.D. millionaire, there are many more who squeaked through school. Kiyosaki, for one, says the only way he survived college calculus was by "sitting near" the smart kids in class — "we cheated like crazy," he says.

8. "Like my Ferrari? It's a rental."


Why spend $3,000 on a Versace bag that'll be out of style as soon as next season when you can rent it for $175 a month? For that matter, why blow $250,000 on a Ferrari when for $25,000 it can be yours for a few weekends a year? Clubs that offer "fractional ownership" of jets have been popular for some time, and now the concept has extended to other high-end luxuries like exotic cars and fine art. How hot is the trend? More than 50 percent of millionaires say they plan to rent luxury goods within the next 12 months, according to a survey by Prince & Associates. Handbags topped the list, followed by cars, jewelry, watches and art. Online companies like Bag Borrow or Steal, for example, cater to customers who always want new designer accessories and jewelry, for prices starting at $15 a week.

For Suzanne Garner, a millionaire software engineer in Santa Clara, Calif., owning a $100,000 car didn't make financial sense (she drives a Mazda Miata). Instead, Garner pays up to $30,000 in annual membership fees to Club Sportiva, a fractional-ownership car club in San Francisco that lets her take out Ferraris, Lamborghinis and other exotic vehicles on weekends. "I'm all about the car," she says. And so are other people, it seems. While stopped at a light in a Ferrari recently, Garner received a marriage proposal from a guy in a pickup truck. (She declined the offer.)

9. "Turns out money can buy happiness."


It may not be comforting to folks who aren't minting cash, but the rich really are different. "There's no group in America that's happier than the wealthy," says Taylor, of the Harrison Group. Roughly 70 percent of millionaires say that money"created" more happiness for them,he notes. Higher income also correlates with higher ratings in life satisfaction, according to a new study by economists at the Wharton School of Business. But it's not necessarily the Bentley or Manolo Blahniks that lead to bliss. "It's the freedom that money buys," says Betsey Stevenson, coauthor of the Wharton study.

Concomitantly, rates of depression are lower among the wealthy, according to the Wharton study, and the rich tend to have better health than the rest of the population, says James Smith, senior labor economist at the Rand Corporation. (In fact, health and happiness are as closely correlated as wealth and happiness, Smith says.) The wealthy even seem to smile and laugh more often, according to the Wharton study, to say nothing of getting treated with more respect and eating better food. "People experience their day very differently when they have a lot of money," Stevenson says.

10. "You worry about the Joneses — I worry about keeping up with the Trumps."


Wealth may go a long way toward creating happiness, but the middle-class rich still can't afford the life of the billionaire next door — the guy who writes charity checks for $100,000 and retreats to his own private island. "What makes people happy isn't how much they're making," says Glenn Firebaugh, a sociologist at Pennsylvania State University. "It's how much they're making relative to their peers."

Indeed, for all their riches, some 40 percent of millionaires fear that their standard of living will decline in retirement and that their money will run out before they die, according to Fidelity. Of course, it may not help if their lifestyle is so lavish that they're barely squeaking by on $400,000 a year. "You can always be happier with more money," says Stevenson. "There's no satiation point." But that's the trouble with keeping up with the Trumps. "Millionaires are always looking up," says Schiff, "and think it's better up there."



10 Things Millionaires Won’t Tell You
http://ping.fm/6yYxf

Monday, December 29, 2008

Spank the Holiday Blaaahs, Time for Happiness!

This was so wonderful, that I am seeding it from Only Positive News Blog, go take a look. . .

Holidays are often a trying time, though it’s a hidden pain. No one wants to be seen as the Scrooge, shunning joy and gratitude. Yet the truth of the matter is many of do have a tough time during this time of the year. How can you add some positive news to your life during the heart of the winter when you may want to crawl inside of a hole?

First, let go of expectations. Expectations run high around the holidays. We want our holidays season to be just like the ones in the movies or magazines. Or maybe you think your neighbor seems to have it all together when your family seems like a dysfunctional mess! Whatever the case, let go this year. Ask yourself, “What can I do to make this holiday good for me?” Maybe its nothing. Maybe its a quiet meal and a good movie. Maybe you could do without the hoopla one year.

Give. Nothing brings you out of the seasonal doldrums more than focusing on others. If you can’t seem to get your act together to do some serious volunteer work, then keep it simple. Maybe you can go to a local park and do some trash pick-up. Maybe there’s an elderly woman you could sit with for an hour. Maybe you haven’t been giving to yourself in a true and sincere manner. Remember, the act of love starts with you and expands, like a ripple in a pond.

Be sad. We live in a culture that just can’t stand negative emotions. In turn, we often feel guilty when we just feel badly. Sadness is a good emotion. It means your human. It means you’ve experienced loss and disappointment and loneliness. It means you’re alive. Allow yourself this holiday to feel sad without the guilt of feeling sad.

Get outside. There’s something about nature that naturally lifts the spirits. Turn off the radio and television for a bit and celebrate the holidays by celebrating the great outdoors. Breathe, be thankful for the cold, blue sky. If you believe in a higher power, be thankful for being alive today. Maybe the holidays can simplified to that: being grateful for life on this earth, in all of its forms.

Spank the Holiday Blaaahs, Time for Happiness!
http://ping.fm/jbHkq

Sunday, December 28, 2008

Scuba Clients or Scuba Friends? Advice to LDS* from a Savvy and Intelligent Consumer

*LDS- Local scuba Diving Instruction and Equipment specialty Shops

We can and should have both! Treat your clients as you would your friends and they will keep coming back and supporting your business. If you treat your clients like customers/meal ticket, they will be suckered only once and then leave the sport or go somewhere else.

I have seen, heard, and experienced the fleecing of us, the people who patronize you. The difficulties that you are having financially does not give you license to take advantage of our ignorance when foisting equipment upon us, up-selling training that is silly (an underwater photography merit badge) or convince us we have to collect cards to be a better diver.

charlie-brown-frustration

If you took care of us as friends, went diving with us and not constantly reaching into our pockets, a rapport will be formed so that when a financial debacle like this hits, I will be more inclined to support you.

At this writing, seven local dive shops have closed their doors since October 2008. My thought is that a broken and lack-of-customer-care dive shop can operate and even thrive during good times, but when the consumer dollar tightens, or new blood stops coming thru the doors. . . they will perish. This is probably part and parcel of what has happened. And methinks, a great many more will fall before this financial meltdown recovers.

Give your clients the best service, give them more than they expect, and train them properly and fairly and they will be yours forever. Your business and personal life will be the better for it and the SCUBA industry as a whole will not only thrive, but grow and expand rapidly.

Signed,

An Educated and Conspicuous Scuba Diving Consumer

Scuba Clients or Scuba Friends? Advice to LDS* from a Savvy and Intelligent Consumerhttp://ping.fm/2kgl2

Friday, December 26, 2008

High Flight. . . of Innerspace! A Solemn Prayer for SCUBA & Freedivers
http://ping.fm/GE7Ia

High Flight. . . of Innerspace! A Solemn Prayer for SCUBA & Freedivers


"Oh, I have slipped the surly bonds of earth,
--with apologies [and thanks] to John McGee,

and danced the depths on laughter-silvered wings;

downward I've dropped, and joined the tumbling mirth
of sunlit kelp...and golden fish, and done a hundred things
you have not dreamed of....wheeled and soared and swung.....

deep in the dark blue silence.

BeautyHov'ring there........

I've chased the seaward currents along, and flung

myself through footless halls of ocean green.

Down, down, down...the long, delirious burning depths,

I've descended with easy grace......

And while with silent, lifting mind I've trod

the high untrespassed sanctity of the Deep...


...put out my hand, and...... touched the face of God."



author of 'High Flight'

Wednesday, December 24, 2008

Inspiration for the Season, “I Am Potential: The Patrick Hughes Story.”
http://ping.fm/vlPQA

Tuesday, December 23, 2008

Inspiration for the Season, ?I Am Potential: The Patrick Hughes Story.?

. . . this is the season of love, of giving, of grace, of joy! I found this video of Patrick and his dad. Please accept the blessings of this story, and let the joy and awe spread. . .



Patrick Henry Hughes was born with a rare genetic disorder that left him without eyes and physically disabled. But he was also blessed with exceptional musical talent—able to play the piano as a toddler and now, at age 19, a nationally known pianist, singer, and trumpeter who has performed at the Grand Ole Opry and the Kennedy Center. Currently he’s a member of his college marching band, playing while his devoted father pushes him in his wheelchair. With determined optimism and courage, Hughes has made “I am potential” his mantra and defied the impossible at every turn.


Blessings and Grace to all,


Tevis

Wishing All, a Very Merry Christmas from K2 Scuba!
http://ping.fm/7Xaab

Wishing All, a Very Merry Christmas from K2 Scuba!
























K2 Scuba Holiday Banner, go to K2scuba.com














Wishing You Joy & Love For the Holidays!


Merry Xmas


". . . . friendship is the most blessed gift that you can receive!"


~ Santa Claus, The Polar Express


A gentle reminder. . .


K2 Gift Certificate








Find yourself stuck?! We ship next day air if you order today, and will email your Gift Certificate to your loved one Christmas Eve and on Christmas Day! Read More »


Monday, December 22, 2008

Is SCUBA Diving in need of Equipment Standardization and Regulation?

My background is in aviation. I have been a pilot, technician, inspector, trainer, instructor and manager. One thing I know after 14 years doing this flying thing is that standardization is the life of the industry. It has lead to sharp decreases in accidents made flying easier and more accessible to the general public. Why cant this be so for SCUBA and more importantly, why hasn't it been implemented yet?

[caption id="attachment_222" align="alignleft" width="640" caption="Side-By-Side Design"]Side-By-Side Design[/caption]

I have recently had the revelation that all of SCUBA should follow a standardized system for equipment and training. This would be a huge benefit to the industry in many ways. Lets take a look at how this could work.

First, standardized equipment would allow for the newbie coming into the sport to feel that they are not getting taken with extraneous "stuff" for the sake of a bigger sale. This was my initiation into the sport and should not be for anyone else if I can help it.

Next is safety. If all gear is the same, in the same place, and looks the same, then we all could rest assured that what we will need in an emergency will be where we expect it when the time comes to find it. Simple concepts with huge ramifications.

Is SCUBA Diving in need of Equipment Standardization and Regulation?http://ping.fm/gIjIJ

Thursday, December 18, 2008

It is Raining TUSA Fins, A Gift for the Holidays! Only 5 Days Left!

. . . so see this as a Before and After Christmas Sale! This goes on until supplies are exhausted!

and for our RSS Subscribers and Blog Readers, we are throwing in a schweet premiere famous name brand diving mask. Just put 'mask too' in the comments section of the checkout!






































K2 Scuba Holiday Banner, go to K2scuba.com










. . . . . . five , count 'em 5 shopping days left until Christmas!


Its Raining TUSA Fins For the Holidays!


Use the coupon code "XmasStocking" at checkout on these great fins, and get them at a smokin deal! Treat another, or treat yourself to. . .


The Number One Selling Fin in the Nation! The TUSA SF-8 Split Fin for $65.49*


TUSA X Pert Zoom Split Fins SF-8





The SF-8 X-Pert Zoom split fin is unlike traditional fins which create propulsion only through repulsive force, the SF-8 attains propulsion by creating a pressure differential in the water flow using . . .

Read More »







TUSA Imprex SF-6 Paddle Fins




TUSA SF-6 Paddle Fin for the ridiculous price of $88.95


The SF-6 Imprex Tri-Ex fin features TUSA’s Advanced Multi-Flex Blade, made from 3 different materials which reduces diver fatigue and air consumption for fast and powerful . .
Read More »

*The Fine Print: S'all good, you will receive 50% off of the regularly low price at checkout and a K2 Gift Card on account for your next purchase. You will receive a $10 K2 Gift Card on the SF-8! At this price, sizes and colors are limited to stock on hand. Order fast,order numerously, and this sale is on until we exhaust our current stock, so look at this as a 'before and after Xmas Sale'. . . heck order two pairs and do a backup for your backup!


A gentle reminder. . .


K2 Gift Certificate









Stressing?! Forget Somebody?! We are open Christmas Day for last minute Gift Certificates, emailing a personalized card to your friend/loved one! Read More »





It is Raining TUSA Fins for the Holidays! We are Blowing 'em Out. . .

. . . so see this as a Before and After Christmas Sale! This goes on until supplies are exhausted!

and for our RSS Subscribers and Blog Readers, we are throwing in a schweet premiere famous name brand diving mask. Just put 'mask too' in the comments section of the checkout!


-->

































K2 Scuba Holiday Banner, go to K2scuba.com
















. . . . . . six , count 'em 6 shopping days left until Christmas!


Its Raining TUSA Fins For the Holidays!


Use the coupon code "XmasStocking" at checkout on these great fins, and get them at a smokin deal! Treat another, or treat yourself to. . .


The Number One Selling Fin in the Nation! The TUSA SF-8 Split Fin for $99.99


TUSA X Pert Zoom Split Fins SF-8





The SF-8 X-Pert Zoom split fin is unlike traditional fins which create propulsion only through repulsive force, the SF-8 attains propulsion by creating a pressure differential in the water flow using . . .

Read More »







TUSA Imprex SF-6 Paddle Fins




TUSA SF-6 Paddle Fin for the ridiculous price of $88.95


The SF-6 Imprex Tri-Ex fin features TUSA’s Advanced Multi-Flex Blade, made from 3 different materials which reduces diver fatigue and air consumption for fast and powerful . .
Read More »



A gentle reminder. . .


K2 Gift Certificate









Stressing?! Forget Somebody?! We are open Christmas Day for last minute Gift Certificates, emailing a personalized card to your friend/loved one! Read More »





Wednesday, December 17, 2008

For Facebook Friends and Twitterers, Buy fins at 50% get a mask! http://www.k2scuba.com/blog/2008/12/17/it-is-raining-tusa-fins-for-the-holidays-we-are-blowing-em-out/

It is Raining TUSA Fins for the Holidays! We are Blowing ?em Out. . .

. . . so see this as a Before and After Christmas Sale! This goes on until supplies are exhausted!

and for our RSS Subscribers and Blog Readers, we are throwing in a schweet premiere famous name brand diving mask. Just put 'mask too' in the comments section of the checkout!


-->




















You're receiving this newsletter because you SIGNED UP AT K2 Scuba and/or BOUGHT WIDGETS FROM US.Having trouble reading this email? View it in your browser










K2 Scuba Holiday Banner, go to K2scuba.com










. . . . . . eight , count 'em 8 shopping days left until Christmas!


Its Raining TUSA Fins For the Holidays!


Use the coupon code "XmasStocking" at checkout on these great fins, and get them at more than 50% off! Treat another, or treat yourself to. . .


The Number One Selling Fin in the Nation! The TUSA SF-8 Split Fin for $64.49*


TUSA X Pert Zoom Split Fins SF-8





The SF-8 X-Pert Zoom split fin is unlike traditional fins which create propulsion only through repulsive force, the SF-8 attains propulsion by creating a pressure differential in the water flow using . . .

Read More »







TUSA Imprex SF-6 Paddle Fins




TUSA SF-6 Paddle Fin for the ridiculous price of $39.99*


The SF-6 Imprex Tri-Ex fin features TUSA’s Advanced Multi-Flex Blade, made from 3 different materials which reduces diver fatigue and air consumption for fast and powerful . .
Read More »


The Fine Print: S'all good, you will receive 50% off of the regularly low price at checkout and a K2 Gift Card on account for your next purchase. You will receive a $10 K2 Gift Card on the SF-8, and a $5 K2 Gift Card on the SF-6! At this price, sizes and colors are limited to stock on hand. Order fast,order numerously, and this sale is on until we exhaust our current stock, so look at this as a 'before and after Xmas Sale'. . . heck order two pairs and do a backup for your backup!


A gentle reminder. . .


K2 Gift Certificate









Stressing?! Forget Somebody?! We are open Christmas Day for last minute Gift Certificates, emailing a personalized card to your friend/loved one! Read More »





It is Raining TUSA Fins for the Holidays! We are Blowing ‘em Out. . .
http://ping.fm/KULRv

Tuesday, December 16, 2008

Of quarter turns of tank valve knobs and diving physics in Scuba Diving
http://ping.fm/AiauD

Of quarter turns of tank valve knobs and diving physics in Scuba Diving

The following is a conversation that occured on FaceBook about that quarter turn of a tank valve knob, Charles Law as well as a host of diving physics. We welcome you to agree, disagree and above all learn. Please join the conversation by adding to the comments thread at the end of the article.

We pick it up in mid conversation. . .

. . . . K you are right! S, you hit the nail on the head, it is because of old J valves.

The remainder is something all should think about. In ice diving with old valves in the 80s freeze up would occur, and so those divers got into the habit of quarter turning their valves, which is stoopid because it if it froze, wouldn't you rather it freeze open?

Now a days it is a stoopid substandard teaching agency thing. Technical divers do valve drills on a regular and consistent basis in the event of a manifold failure. You would have to pile drive a valve into a bulkhead to have it fail. So short answer is when is an open water diver going to slam their valve into a wreck? Furthermore it has nothing to do with the valve knob.

What makes it dangerous is on boats where you have people (divemasters, buddies, fans, deckhands, idiots. . .) playing with your valve knob. Get in the habit of being the only person who touches your valve. If anyone else touches it, immediately do a valve check (and you should be able to accomplish this standing up with your gear on. . .before you leave the boat/enter the water on the beach. Watch me and make me demonstrate it for you. If you cannot, your tank is too low.

A, I touched your valve when we entered the water, how did you know I didn't turn off your air, if you reached back to check if it was on/off. . . and it was quarter turned. . . how do you perform a valve check? Y, therein lies the problem. . . if the valve is at full on, you can quickly ascertain if it is all on. . . it is a quick pop, and remember you are doing this behind your back . . .



Note, I have had a DM turn my tank off and then a quarter turn back on at Casino Point. . . breathed fine until I descended to 100 fsw. then the pain came. . .

This is a GREAT discussion, as learning can occur here. What is most important all is that you all have a responsibility to ask WHY and discover what is the truth. . .

to this I say. . . bring it!

I am so going to make this a blog article Y would you mind?

A grateful thank you to Y, for bringing the learning










My dear Tevis, I think you missed my point. The valve is not freezing, this is the first stage that does due to sometimes divers inflating their BC and breathing at the same time, thus increasing the air flow in the 1st stage leading to a decreased temperature in the mechanism. If there was some kind of humidity in the first stage, then you have icing conditions. In that case, even with the most recent regulators, the spring may get stuck open and you end up with a LOT of bubbles. You need then to ascend and the best way is buddy breathing. Some organizations used to advise that once the buddy breathing is established, to avoid excessive bubbles during the emergency ascent, you would shut down the continuous flow of air (remember in the old days, you needed to ascent by looking at the bubbles, not your computer).
And for those who wonder how to check if your valve is open correctly and won't feel funny at 100ft, you can look at you manometer while breathing hard on the reg. If the needle moves up and down your air is not on correctly. I think also you got that with a J valve with the reserve not engaged but I hope nobody dives with these anymore... And if you don't have a manometer but these fully integrated single-point-of-failure computers that give you everything, then you'd better learn how to twist your body like Tevis to reach for that damn valve...

YC








December 13 at 11:30am



Point well taken mon ami, and I too am learning here. Yes, you are exactly right in a first stage freeze up, as this is a direct application of Charles Law (b'member that from the substandard physics taught in the padi manual?) Volume is directly proportional to Temperature.

and while I am padi bashing, let me add naui to that also. It isnt necessarily the agency, it is directly attributable to the instructor.

Can you imagine the world of physics that would open up if Daniel was our instructor?

And all please note that I have 10 solid years of junior college edumication, and am well versed on manifold valve checks. . . (I say this not to brag but to share my faulting) even with all of my training, when reaching back behind my head, if my valves weren't completely on (but in the quarter turn position), I would inadvertently turn off my air as I would have no perceptive "stop on."

I have shut my valves down inadvertently, and it has scared the crap out of me when I go to my reg. . . .and nuthin'! (but narc'd, I have been able to turn them back on. . . . practice) When we are sitting around eating chips and drinking beer, ask me about this dumbass situation, it is a good story. . . .

In an emergency when you need to reach back and power that valve off and on (in the case of the o ring not seating properly) which way to you turn the valve, if both ways seem viable?

So Yves, my humble apology and grateful thanks. And also, you might consider becoming an instructor my friend! We need intelligentsia in the education of the diving public.

Y brings up a good point. . . . when was the last time y'all practiced buddy breathing/out of air drills?

Booyah!

Love to all,

Tevis







December 13 at 8:18pm




Bernoulli's principle=low pressure, high velocity, low temp=icing (regulator valves, wings, venturies, etc. Icing can and does occur and is most common at temps below 70 deg and humid conditions for flight and should also apply at depth for a reg (i knew my flight training would be useful for something at some point). anyway, thank you all for this input and training! you all are helping us "younger" divers learn proper technique and to be safer to all involved. My gratitude to all!

MH








December 13 at 8:26pm



D, you can weigh in with this at annnnny time!

Master of physiology and the stuff o life because of medicine, only a plebe in physics. . .

. . . I bemember Bernoulli's has something to do with turbulence and vortexes over a wing. . .

. . . doesn't can you generate that type of turbulence in a reg?

Let the learning continue!

Tevis





December 13 at 8:29pm




That is ONE of his principles. He also has one that deals with velocity, pressure and temperatures and that is what we deal with in venturis (wing curved surfaces, hose nozzles, and restricted orifices (regulators).

See you tomorrow at the pool Tevis. Cant wait to learn to be buoyant and trim.


MH



December 13 at 9:30pm




Bernoulli wrote the conservation of energy of fluids. By setting a few parameters in the equation, you end up with many different equations (or principles). The venturi effect is found by setting the parameter "altitude" to a constant. You found that the flow of a fluid is constant. Funny enough that means that the bigger the pipe the higher the pressure (one would think of the contrary).

An interesting effect is found in history: pirate ships created a venturi pipe when approaching a ship they wanted to capture (the pipe is the water between both ships), at high velocity this creates a drop in pressure between the two ships, thus attracting them to one another, making the capture easier.

As far as turbulence are concerned, you're in the boundary layer so Bernoulli does not work, Navier-Stokes & Kutta-Jukowski is what you want to look for. If you ever wondered why golf balls have little holes, then your answer is there too... In a reg, I don't think there is a lot of turbulence, because the viscosity of air as well as the velocity at which it got transferred in the hose are not high enough.

Back to diving, I have seen icing at around 6°C (=43F). So I think I'm safe in Fiji... Gee, even in Shaw's!

Tevis, you can blog our thread if you want.


YC

Monday, December 15, 2008

A Newbie Experience and Fresh Perspective on Scuba Diving, Local Dive Shops, and Instruction!

I am a fairly new diver. I have just enough "training" to get myself the confidence to get myself, and others into trouble. Luckily, I am also fairly self aware and have recognized the above mentioned shortcomings. I have found that SCUBA is a highly unregulated (I will get to this in a minute), rogue, and often shady industry (I will discuss this further also).

SCUBA was one of my BIG dreams from child hood. It was also the last to be checked off the list and, for me, the most enjoyable and relaxing. Having acquired several aviation licenses and recognitions including pilot and maintenance inspector licenses and been employed in the aviation industry, I found that the last one had to fall...SCUBA!!

I found my SCUBA school at a travel and leisure convention and accepted a training offer that I couldn't refuse. $150! What could I lose? A lot as it turns out. It, of course, is not written that they expect you to buy all of your gear from them right away at exaggerated retail prices. The instructor I had was very good and caring and took great effort to take care of his students but was also a loose cannon. Bored with teaching, he soon found himself unemployed after a quick Mexico run for a girl while the boss was away on business. This left me without an instructor I knew or trusted to finish up my last boat dive (beach diving was not part of the curriculum for some reason...hum!!)

I ended up with some numb nut who was probably an extra in fast time at Ridgmont High and never grew up. Needless to say, my final boat dive was neither extraordinary, nore was it a learning experience. All this after spending $1600 on equipment that was functional but not standardized, nor did it fit my needs (another issue with SCUBA today. Standardization of the equipment is crucial to aviation cockpits and should be so for scuba. Both are potentially life threatening endeavors).

As a newbie to the industry, it is my feeling that there needs to be standardization for the basic diving rig. This would serve two functions. 1) The new initiate to the sport will feel more comfortable with the purchase of gear and more confident that they are purchasing something that will last them throughout there training and serve them in the type of diving they plan to do most. 2) It will provide a safety feature for the buddy diving. Knowing where your equipment is one thing, but knowing where your buddies gear is located is crucial!! If you both have the same rig or same configuration, this will be a no brainer.

As for the shady side, there will always be crooks, grifters, and cons out there. This is becoming more and more evident in the financial markets every day. This culling may filter down to the scuba world as the money supply gets tighter and more scuba shops go out of business. Only the strongest, most innovative, and most client focused will survive. This is where building and becoming a scuba community will be the standard for the future of the sport (Friend first, meal ticket second might be the future). Being treated fairly, giving the information readily, training, and support systems to keep the new and initiated in the water are the best ways to keep learning, upgrading, and active in SCUBA.

I hope that the industry figures out these concepts before the diving community becomes nothing but the old timer crags that have faught over the scraps of the sea floor since its inception. I tip my hat to these brave men as they have pushed the bounds so I can be a safer diver and have fun toys to play with safely in the water, but their needs to be a revolution in diving. Lets start here.

~Michael

A Newbie Experience and Fresh Perspective on Scuba Diving, Local Dive Shops, and Instruction!
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Friday, December 12, 2008

How to Choose a Scuba Diving Instructor?
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How to Choose a Scuba Diving Instructor?

This was written originally by my good friend, John Flanders an amazing Master Instructor Extrordinaire and Principal of Academy of SCUBA, located in Peoria, Arizona.

There is a host of wisdom for your review:

**************************************************************
I've been diving for 20 years and while I've thought about that question (how to choose an instructor?), I don't think I've really come up with an answer. I think the answer to that question is a derivative from the answer of "what makes a great diver" or "how do you know a good diver from a bad diver". Obviously, a great instructor turns out great divers! Then the selection process begins.

Stepping out of Scuba for a minute, I thought I would draw a comparable to golfing. While I enjoy golfing, I am certainly not a great golfer. Why? I know how to play. I have most of the knowledge to make it from tee number one to hole number eighteen.

I've taken lessons from a professional. This is the list I came up with:

1. Passion: My passion lies in other places. Most of my spare time is spent Scuba Diving or teaching Scuba. Between my family and other occupation, that leaves very little time for anything else. Thus, golf becomes a distraction or social event more than something I am passionate about doing. I know, like most people, passionate golfers. They are crazily obsessed. And, when they meet another passionate golfer, it's like they have known each other forever. I often wonder if that is how outsiders (to Scuba) perceive Scuba Divers hanging out at our shop. Without passion, you can never really be great at whatever you're doing.

2. Dedication: Would I go golfing in terrible conditions? Would I blow off a business meeting to go golfing? Do I dedicate myself to going out weekly (or more often) to hone my skills? Do I dedicate funds to upgrade my equipment and education? Do I dedicate much of my free time to read (books, magazines and Internet) about theories, concepts and new trends in golfing?

No. Without dedication to something I am passionate about, I can never attain a level of true mastery. I can never be a great golfer.

3. Training: Above I discussed dedicating myself to honing skills. This is a huge part to becoming a great diver. Not only practicing skills, but immersing yourself in the theory behind the skills as well. It's one thing to know how to take a mask off and put it back on; however it is completely different when you put mask removal into a real world scenario. e.g., a mask coming off in the ocean is usually preceded by a kick in the face (or a leak.). Getting back to golf, great and passionate golfers head out to the driving range religiously.

During lunch, before or after work, on the weekends. Most golfers spend more time on the driving range than actually on the golf course. Do Scuba Divers spend more time running skills and drills than actually Scuba Diving? Would Tiger Woods be a great golfer if he didn't continue training on a driving range? Why does Tiger Woods (arguably one of the greatest golfers ever) have a coach? Should, we as divers find our mentor, our coach, to help smooth out our rough edges, just like Tiger. Yes.

( a sidenote: we at K2 have weekly beach dives that are mentioned here on this blog, as well as on Facebook. Please ping us and come join a place you can call home.)

4. Experience: I was having a late dinner after class last night talking with another instructor. We were talking about the proverbial "advanced diver" who hasn't dove in ten years. Would that same person be considered an advanced golfer if he hasn't golfed in ten years? If a golfer never played more than 1 or 2 places, would he be considered an advanced golfer? To truly bring your level of expertise up, you need to experience a vast number of environments and do it frequently. Breadth of experience on a frequent basis is the sign of a great diver.

Back to Scuba!

Above are four (of many) key elements that lead to becoming a great diver. So, how do we translate this in identifying a good instructor versus a bad instructor?

First off, you are hiring someone to train you to become a scuba diver. Thus, doing a little due diligence or interviewing is a good idea. If you are not comfortable with a person during the "interview" process, then you probably won't be comfortable with them in a learning environment.

(if you find yourself being pressured or given a hard sell by a dive shop or instructor, walk away. This is all about your safety, and none about their pocketbook.)

One of the ways that I get comfortable with new divers is to do a Discover Scuba with them. Low investment for the
customer (around $20) and a good way to get to know each other before investing time and money in a full blow class.

Part of the interview process is to get to know if the Instructor is a great diver. Use the four attributes listed above and whatever list you generate to determine that. Ask questions, like where have you dove? Where was the last place you went fun diving? How often does your instructor take courses (to learn new skills)?




Just because he's an instructor doesn't mean he should stop learning. Have him/her talk about his/her mentors/role models. Talk about what makes him passionate about Scuba. Talk about equipment. How much does he own? How often does he upgrade his equipment? Would you trust a computer technician if he came to fix your computer and you found out he was still using Windows 95?

You're taking an open water class, what does he see as valuable components to that class? What does he expect his students to take out of that class? When he answers you, does he just talk about skill mechanics or does he bring it into the real world? You can guess what the right answer is here. Can you talk to one of his other students (friends who dive are great sources for finding great instructors)? What are his thoughts on advanced education?

Most important, follow up with the question "why"? If he gives you a sales pitch and doesn't have value sets behind the statement, then he really doesn't have any thoughts on advanced education ... just the party line.

Another thing you have to think about is how you plan on diving. Do you want to get into Photography, Wrecks, Caves, Cold Water Diving in San Diego, or maybe even a naturalist/environmental bend? Does this instructor have the skill sets to train you in the style of diving you want to pursue?

What I am really describing is someone who is a role model, a mentor, a trainer, and a good dive buddy. An instructor who can help you attain the level of diving you desire. An instructor who 'lives the dive life'. An instructor who solidly advocates ongoing involvement and interest in your dive career (whatever that looks like).

When you find that instructor, stick to him like glue. Refer your friends and family.

On a separate note: I am a huge advocate for continuing education. It exposes divers to new skills, environments, and other divers. But most importantly, it keeps them learning, in the water and passionate about the sport. However, your instruction is only as good as

(1)the effort you put into the education,

(2) the instructor who is passionate about digging deep into the curriculum for that specialty.

Lastly, the shop in which you train is almost as important as the instructor. I said almost. I find the atmosphere of the shop emulates its instructor base and people who dive with them. Personally, I like a shop with character, K2 Scuba Dive Center is that type of operation. When you walk in, you feel more like family than a customer. A shop that smells like a dive shop (figuratively).

A shop where you can walk in and know any question is going to get answered by any of the staff. A shop where it's more of experience than a shopping trip. Scuba is a recreation, a break from reality, a place where you go to escape. A shop doesn't look like Wal Mart. It's got flavor.

Of course, you want a shop that suits your personality. If you are someone who is extraverted, you want a shop with some flair. Although, be careful you don't sacrifice substance for socializing. If you are someone who is more reserved or introverted, you probably want a quieter shop with less flash but plenty of substance.

The good news there are lots of shops in town and each is very good in its own way. This many shops also provide a lot of diversity and a true menu from which to select.

My two cents: Hope this helps.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

We are grateful to John for his sage words. For more information, or to help you in finding a qualified instructor in your community, please give us a call at 866 K2 Diving Toll Free, or 818 982 2652 locally.

Also, I urge you, if you are in the Peoria area, please give John a call at 480.203.6040
John can be emailed by clicking the link.

Dive safe, dive deep, dive long,

Tevis

Black Friday Redux, You Deserve a Break This Holiday Season on Scuba Equipment & Gifts!
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Black Friday Redux, You Deserve a Break This Holiday Season on Scuba Equipment & Gifts!


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Black Friday 12th of December 2008


Black Friday Redux, You Deserve a Break for Your Gift Giving this Holiday Season!



We have some smokin' deals for our K2 Friends and Family. Purchase any item on this page on Black Friday and receive a K2 Gift Card that you can use on your next purchase or re-gift it to that family member or friend that is impossible to find a gift for!


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Thursday, December 11, 2008

What is the difference between a SMB and shooting Lift Bags in Scuba Diving?
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What is the difference between a SMB and shooting Lift Bags in Scuba Diving?

[caption id="attachment_126" align="alignright" width="168" caption="Dive Rite Surface Marker Buoy"]Dive Rite Surface Marker Buoy[/caption]

I had a protege that I have been practicing with that ask me the difference in bag shooting at depth, what can be substituted for what?

My friend and colleague Duane Johnson has written a beautiful explication on the differences/similarities in his blog, " SMB Deployment". . . . that this article is seeded from.

So, on with the learning. . . .

**************************************************

Deploying a surface marker buoy (SMB) at depth.

Shoot a bag. Blow a blob. Toss a marker. These are all phrases for the same thing. That is to deploy a

First, let’s distinguish the difference between a SMB and a lift bag. The SMB is for marking the location of something or someone. This could be marking the location of an object on the sea floor or marking the position of divers in the water. Lift bags are just that, they are made to lift objects. Many people use lift bags as marking devices, but as we will discuss, this is not the most optimal use for them.

Many SMBs will have different features. The biggest feature that a SMB can have is an over-pressure relief valve (OPV). The primary difference between a SMB and safety sausage is that a SMB will be deployed from depth. Whereas the safety sausage is deployed at the surface for signaling. As the SMB rises from depth, the gas trapped inside will expand. As the gas expands it will stress the stitching that holds the SMB together. If there isn’t some sort of mechanism to release this gas, then the expanding gas will rip apart the stitching of the SMB and releasing all of the gas. Thus rendering the SMB useless.

Using lift bags for marking have many different problems. I will discuss the three of the biggest problems. First, lift bags do not stand out of the water as SMBs do (on the surface). This limits how boats/surface support can see the bag. Second, most lift bags are open at the bottom. As SMBs and bags rise to the surface, they do not go straight up. Instead the twist and turn as the gas moves/expands inside them. With the open end on lift bags, this can cause the bag to lose gas as it twists and turns on the way up. If it loses enough gas, it will sink back down or it will not provide enough lift stay at the surface. The third big problem of using lift bags for marking is that once the bag gets to the surface, a large amount of gas will cause it to ride high in the water. As it does this, if not enough tension is put on the line, then the bag can fall on it’s side. This will cause the gas trapped inside the bag to escape out the open bottom. This can cause the bag to sink back down or not provide enough lift to properly mark the diver’s location. SMBs are closed, that is they do not have an open bottom. Therefore, it is not possible to lose gas out of the marker.

[caption id="attachment_135" align="alignright" width="240" caption="Dive Rite 100# lbs Lift Bag"]Dive Rite 100# lbs Lift Bag[/caption]

Other features of SMBs that are important are oral/power inflate and radar reflective tape. The inflation mechanism for SMBs should be orally inflated or inflated with a drysuit/wing inflation hose. If the SMB does allow for LP hose inflation, there should not be a locking mechanism (like on BCD or dry suit inflation nipples) on the SMB inflation nipple. This way if the SMB quickly starts to ascend, it will not be locked to the diver causing a runaway ascent for the diver and the hose will just pull away from the inflation nipple.

Radar reflective tape is also important. When the Coast Guard looks for lost divers in the water (both by boat and helicopter) they will have their radar going. Radar reflective tape is a piece of tape on the top of the SMB that will reflect a radar signal back to the source. Thus showing up on the Coast Guard’s radar screens. This will help the Coast Guard find the lost diver more quickly. Lastly, SMBs should provide enough lift such that divers cannot easily pull it back down to depth. Generally 25 lbs or more of lift is plenty.

As with many diving activities, deploying a SMB is a team effort. At a minimum, there should be at least one SMB per dive team. It is a good rule of thumb for every diver to carry a SMB. The steps to deploy a SMB as a team are below.

1) The dive leader will signal who should deploy the SMB.
2) The diver will signal to the team to watch them deploy the SMB
3) The diver shooting the SMB will pull the SMB and finger spool from their storage locations, generally in a diver’s dry suit pocket.
4) If the spool isn’t already attached to the SMB, the diver must attach it. Generally, most SMBs will have a small d-ring located on the bottom of them. Using the double ender of the finger spool as a weight, the diver will feed the double ender snap (with line attached) through the d-ring. Once through, the diver can pass the entire spool through loop of line at the end of the spool. Remove the double ender from the line and keep it on the right chest d-ring.
5) The diver should signal to a member of the team to look up to make sure that the SMB will not come into contact with another diver, boat, or other obstruction.
6) Once cleared to deploy, the diver should wrap up the spool, line and any access SMB material into one hand. Making sure that no materials, line, etc. are wrapped around fingers, dive gear, etc.
7) The diver should move into a slightly head down position. This makes recovering from a runaway SMB much easier as the diver will need to swim down to control the SMB.
8.) Holding the SMB and spool with the left hand, inflate the SMB till about half full. If you are orally inflating the SMB, take a normal breath, remove the regulator from your mouth with the right hand, blow a half breath into the SMB, repeat until the SMB is half full. You will want to avoid taking to deep of a breath or exhaling to much as it will change your buoyancy. If you are using a LP inflator, use the right hand to hold the LP hose and connect the SMB to the inflator hose. Pay careful attention to how fast the SMB is filling up so that you can remove the inflation hose to prevent the SMB from getting too full. I tend to avoid holding anything with the right had just in case I need to deploy the long hose in an emergency.
9) Once gas is in the SMB, hold the SMB in the left hand and the finger spool in the right hand. Verify that the knot/line attachment to the SMB (from the spool) is in place.
10) Let go of the SMB. As it rises, be careful as to not squeeze the finger spool to tightly. This could lead to a possible runaway ascent. The finger spool should gently unwind between the grasp of your fingers.
11) Once the SMB reaches the surface, extra tension should be put on the line in order to make the SMB stand straight up. To do this, wrap up the line on the finger spool 3 or 4 times.
12) You can lock the spool in place by removing the double ender snap from your right d-ring and clipping the line inside the double ender snap and through a hole in the spool. This will stop the line from unwinding from the spool.



As you move up the water column, you will need to wrap up the line on the spool till you get to the surface. Making sure you are keeping enough tension on the line to keep the SMB standing up out of the water, but not to much tension such that you pull the SMB back down. Due to the presence of line in the water. Diver awareness must be heightened to prevent any entanglements with the line. Also keep in mind that the diver who is managing the line now has only one hand free to respond to problems. So team awareness and communication is critical.

Knowing how to deploy a SMB is a critical skill for open water diving as this is a primary way to communicate with the boat/surface support. You should learn this as part of an Open Water class or Advanced Open water class. If you plan to do a lot of open water diving, such as in the Great Lakes or oceans, your proficiency with this skill must be excellent.

If you have found this article of good use, feel free to post any questions or comments.

Dive Safe,
Duane

*******************************************

A grateful thanks to Duane Johnson for such an exquisitely clear explanation of the differences between SMBs and lift bags; and an detailed treitse on deployment. Bravo! We welcome and encourage you to follow this blog on your RSS feed. We write articles based upon your feedback and great questions. . . so keep em coming! Please tell us the parts of this article you have found most useful and please comment here, and also visit Duane's Blog at Precision Diving

Tuesday, December 9, 2008

The Hot Christmas Gifts This Year for the Man/Woman Who Has Everything? Think SCUBA

When you're trying to decide on a Christmas gift for the man who already has everything, you must first delve into guy psychology. You see, we guys are simple creatures. Give us a cave, a bar of soap, a couch, a television, some grilling equipment, and/or something we can skirt death or try and kill ourselves with!wg0434z3_image Think SCUBA Diving. . . leaving perfectly good air, strapping a missle on, and jumping off of a boat into the deep blue sea. . .



For the woman who has everything, think outside of the box. Delve into hottie psychology , think adventure, think snow bunny attire, think bungee jumping (or not) what can you wrap around the curves to make them more shapely?

Even tho' we are a scuba empire, we have a host of stuff that is water gear, as well as Xcel UV Protection, please look also at the Sea & Sea Camera Equipment , as well as indestructible, and unsinkable hardcase gear in Hardigg StormCases!

Now, onto the original premise, what do you get This Year for the Man/Woman Who Has Everything? Think SCUBA. . . think K2 Scuba Gift Certificates!






















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Monday, December 8, 2008

Beyond that OW Cert, the Wonders of Diving: Wrecks

. . . . this is an occasional series written as I get feedback from YOU, my beloved customer and reader. What diving discipline would you like to know more about?

This Blog is for you, to learn, to be inspired by, to discover (or renew) the adventure in the world beyond ours. . .innerspace!

Here goes:

. . . you drift down and pass through a window into the past. As you near the bottom, a recognizable shape begins to form. First, you see a straight line, then a round window. Next, a ship materializes in front of you. As you look at the wreck, past and the present meet. Whether sunk intentionally or tragically, whether a sunken ship, a plane or an automobile, the call of wrecks is nearly irresistible to divers. . . . .

The above is excerpted from my dear friend, and Wreck Diving Instructor, John Flanders.

Wreck diving is a type of recreational diving where shipwrecks are explored. Although most wreck dive sites are at shipwrecks, there is an increasing trend to scuttle retired ships to create artificial reef sites.

A shipwreck is attractive to divers for several reasons:

  • it is an artificial reef, which creates a habitat for many types of marine life

  • it often is a large structure with many interesting parts and machinery, which is not normally closely observable on working, floating vessels

  • it often has an exciting or tragic history

  • it presents new skill challenges for scuba divers

  • it is part of the underwater cultural heritage and may be an important archaeological resource

  • it provides a first-hand insight into context for the loss, such as causal connections, geographical associations, trade patterns and many other areas, providing a microcosm of our maritime heritage and maritime history.


Wreck diver training and safety

Wrecks may pose a variety of unique hazards to divers. Wrecks are often snagged by fishing lines or nets and the structure may be fragile and break without notice. Penetration diving, where the diver enters a shipwreck is an advanced skill requiring special training and equipment. Many attractive or well preserved wrecks are in deeper water requiring deep diving precautions. It is advisable to have a pair of shears or a diving knife which could be used in the event that the diver is entangled with fishing lines or ropes and to have a spare light source in case the primary light fails. If penetrating a wreck, a guideline tied off before entering a wreck and run out inside the wreck is advisable. A guideline such as a wreck reel helps a wreck diver in finding the way out easier in case of low visibility due to stirred up sediments.

For penetration diving, a greater reserve of breathing gas should be allowed for, to ensure there is sufficient to get out of the wreck. Most wreck divers use a minimum of the rule-of-thirds for gas management. This allows for 1/3 of the gas down and into the wreck, 1/3 for exit and ascent and 1/3 reserve. In addition, because of the potential fragility of the wreck, the likelihood of disturbing sediments or disturbing the many marine animals that take advantage of the artificial habitat offered by the wreck, extra care is required when moving and finning. Many divers are taught to use alternative finning methods such as frog kick when inside a wreck. Also notably, you will find most technical wreck penetration divers with twinned or doubled cylinders on their backs as well as decompression bottles as they are trained to exceed no decompression limits of recreational diving





P38 (San Diego) from Nick Ambrose on Vimeo..

Many diver training organizations provide specialist wreck diver training courses which divers are advised to take before wreck diving. As previously mentioned, please investigate more about John Flanders Wreck Diving courses at Academy of Scuba in Arizona, . Such courses typically teach skills such as air management and the proper use of guidelines and reels. Most recreational diving organizations teach divers only to penetrate to limit of the "light zone" or a maximum aggregate surface distance (depth + penetration) of 100 feet (whichever is the lesser). Other technical diving organizations, such as IANTD, TDI, and ANDI teach advanced wreck courses, that emphasize a higher level of training, experience and equipment and prepare divers for deeper levels of wreck penetration. The Nautical Archaeology Society in the UK, teaches awareness of underwater cultural heritage issues as well as practical diver and archaeological skills. Other organizations, such as the Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia (ARSBC) deliberately create artificial reefs to provide features for divers to explore, as well as substrates for marine life to thrive upon. Also please click here and investigate what Joel Geldin is doing right off our coast of California with Ships2Reefs , a wonderuful Nonprofit organization working for our benefit.


Happy Holidays all,


Tevis Verrett, Chief Cook and Bottle Washer of K2

Sunday, December 7, 2008

A Review of Wetsuit Basics for the New SCUBA Diver!

Even in the tropics, divers have to guard against thermal loss, but for divers who blow bubbles in chilly, temperate conditions--water ranging from the low 50s to the low 70s--staying warm is imperative. When the water's this cold, it doesn't take much to get uncomfortably chilled and stay that way. Good news: Today's 7mm wetsuits offer better fit, features, comfort and thermal protection than ever before. In this review, Scuba Lab takes a look at 12 new 7mm Xcel 7/6mmwetsuits, but first, let's review how a wetsuit really works.

Wetsuit Basics


Wetsuits are made with neoprene rubber, a closed-cell foam that traps millions of tiny gas bubbles. These bubbles in the neoprene act as insulation, and this, combined with a snug, sealed fit that minimizes the amount of cold water that enters the suit, is what keeps your body heat from escaping. In order for a wetsuit to keep you warm, it should: 1) be thick enough for the temperature of the water you're diving in, 2) have seams, seals and zippers that minimize water intrusion, and most important, 3) fit like a second skin.

Materials



A layer of material, usually nylon, lines each side of a wetsuit's neoprene rubber. The purpose of the outer layer is to provide some protection for the neoprene, while the inner layer, or lining, is more for comfort. Some suits use no inner lining, and instead have a smooth-skin interior. This offers more warmth because the whole suit seals against your skin, minimizing or even eliminating water flow, a key feature of an effective wetsuit. The downside: wetsuits Xcel Polar 9/7/6mm Semi Drywith smooth-skin interiors, with some notable exceptions, are more difficult to put on and take off, and the inside of the suit is more prone to damage.

The trend in recent years, especially in 7mm suits, is toward more stretchy neoprene to increase comfort and flexibility. A stretchier suit is easier to put on, is super comfortable and is able to maintain a snug fit by conforming to your body. The downside: stretchier neoprene compresses more at depth than denser, stiffer, standard-stretch neoprene, reducing its insulation capabilities. Because of this, some wetsuit manufacturers use more traditional compression-resistant neoprene, which is then cut into anatomically shaped panels and sewn together to add flexibility.

Seams



Nearly all seams on 7mm wetsuits are glued and blind-stitched. First, the suit's neoprene panels are glued with two or three coats of neoprene cement. Next, the seams are sewn together to prevent them from pulling apart. This is done with a blind-stitch, where a needle penetrates only the top layer of the material on either side of the seam, without punching all the way through the neoprene.

There are slightly different methods used in creating a durable waterproof seam. One is running a bead of liquid silicone-based urethane over the glued seam on the opposite side of a blind-stitched seam, making one side of the seam look like it's been "welded" together. This process is more waterproof, since you're not poking holes in the neoprene on one side, and more durable because the liquid weld bonds to the seam virtually everywhere contact has been made, rather than just at the stitch points. Glued-and-taped is another method, where flexible bonding tape is applied with heat and pressure over the glued seam on both sides, eliminating the need for any stitches at all.

Seals



Some water always seeps into a wetsuit, but the goal is to keep it to a minimum. The most common water entry points, in order of importance, are the neck, wrists and ankles. Some manufacturers put sealing systems on these entry points. Starting with the most effective, they are:

A note on neck seals: 7mm suits are designed for temperate to cold water, environments that require not only a thick suit but a hood. Most wetsuit hoods tuck inside the collar, but this generally breaks whatever neck seal the wetsuit has. If you wear a standard wetsuit hood, don't worry about what kind of neck seal the wetsuit has; instead, tuck in the hood and then adjust the collar as snug as possible to minimize water flow. If the wetsuit has a first-rate neck seal and you don't want to lose it, consider wearing a dry suit hood. These overlap the collar rather than tuck inside, maintaining the integrity of the seal. Another option: some manufacturers offer wetsuit hoods that have a band of smooth-skin sewn around the neck. Tuck the hood into the collar of the suit so that the smooth-skin band makes contact with the smooth-skin neck seal. They bond together, preserving the seal and keeping you dry, warm and comfortable.

Zippers




Choosing a 7mm suit with a vertical back zipper or one with a horizontal front zipper is a matter of preference. Front-zipper suits tend to be easier to put on, but the zipper track can affect flexibility in the chest and shoulder areas. Back zippers lay in line with the spine and tend to be more comfortable, but you may need help when zipping up. Whether back or front, the zipper creates the greatest potential for water entry. To combat this, most suits have a zipper underflap that lies between a diver's bare back and a heavy-duty zipper track, which helps block water flow (and adds cushioned comfort). Some suits use two sections of smooth-skin neoprene, one on each edge of the zipper track . When the zipper is zipped up, the two sections of smooth-skin seal against each other. Finally, a couple of suits use zippers with overlapping teeth that reduce water seepage, and here and there, you'll find a 7mm suit with a dry suit-type zipper with its teeth sandwiched between layers of rubber that create a truly watertight seal.Pinnacle Polar 9mm

Fit



Of course, none of the above--the seals, the seams, the zippers--matters if the wetsuit doesn't fit. Gaps in your armpits and spaces between your legs, behind your knees or along your spine fill up and pump water inside your suit, sucking the heat out of you.

A properly fitting suit fits your body like a second skin, with no gaps or spaces. Finding a good fit can be difficult: Everyone has a unique shape, and even standard sizes like small, medium and large differ by manufacturer. Some suits tend to be designed for muscular divers, others fit lean divers better. Some manufacturers offer a dizzying array of sizes, others offer only the basics. Bottom line: To get a snug-fitting suit, try on as many as you can. If you can't find a stock suit that fits, find a manufacturer that offers custom-made suits. The Pinnacle Polar to the right retails for $489.

We one of the few master Xcel dealers that has the spank brand new 2009 Thermostretch Bamboo line of completely green wetsuit fullsuits. Please give us and call and come in to see this amazing technology in wetsuit wear. Xcel hasn't yet decided to advertise their dive wetsuits on the internet so email us at custsvc@k2scuba.com and we will email you the pics and specs of this new product!